稻麦两熟制条件下钵苗机插方式对不同类型水稻品种米质的影响

为探明钵苗机插方式在稻麦两熟地区对水稻米质性状的影响及其品种类型间差异,本文以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和籼粳交水稻为材料,比较了钵苗机插、毯苗机插和机械直播3种种植方式在稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下的稻米加工品质、外观品质、营养品质、蒸煮食味品质特性变化及其品种类型间差异。结果表明,钵苗机插的整精米率比毯苗机插和机械直播分别提高1.6%和4.9%(P0.05),整精米产量分别提高7.8%和25.9%(P0.05),改善了稻米加工品质;与毯苗机插和机械直播相比,钵苗机插的稻米垩白米率、垩白面积和垩白度显著增加,对稻米外观品质有不利影响,但钵苗机插精米蛋白质含量较高,有利于稻米营养品质的改良,其精米蛋白质产量分别比毯苗机插和机械直播提高8.7%和28.0%;3种种植方式相比,钵苗机插稻米蒸煮食味品质表现出一定程度的变优趋势,其中,稻米直链淀粉含量、消减值和糊化温度呈钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播的趋势,胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值呈钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播的趋势;食味值于种植方式间无显著差异,呈籼粳交水稻和常规粳稻钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播,杂交籼稻毯苗机插钵苗机插机械直播的趋势。由此得出,钵苗机插不仅能增加稻谷产量,还能改善部分稻米品质特征,是稻麦两熟地区实现高产高效优质协调水稻生产的潜力型机械化种植方式。     

东北次生林森林公园林内景观质量提升技术

为提高东北次生林森林公园景观质量,在吉林市大石门沟森林公园次生林选择典型样地,采取了修枝、去除枯落物、清灌等技术措施对次生林林内进行处理。采用心理物理学派的美景度评价法(SBE)、相关分析和回归分析等方法,确定了次生林样地内景观质量指标和预测模型。结果表明:3种技术措施均能有效提高林内景观质量,清灌措施使林内景观美景度均值从29.8提升到70.3;修枝措施使林内景观美景度均值从38.3提升到58.3;去除枯落物措施使林内景观美景度均值从36.9提升到53.4。对照组美景度的模型如下:M_(SBE)=-49.7+31.2X_(10),空间感(X_(10))为主导因子(P0.01);清灌组的美景度回归模型:M_(SBE)=-132+56.5X_4,自然程度(X_4)为主导因子(P0.05);修枝组的美景度回归模型:M_(SBE)=-102.5+58.1X_5,树木排列(X_5)为主导因子(P0.01);去除枯落物组的美景度回归模型:M_(SBE)=-73.2+39.6X_1,树干形态(X_1)为主导因子(P0.05)。说明3种措施中提升景观质量效果排序,清灌修枝去除枯落物;采取不同的技术措施使原有次生林林内景观结构发生改变,影响景观美景度的主要因子也同时发生的改变。     

不同浓度褪黑素对氯化钠胁迫下宝岛蕉幼苗的影响

为了研究不同浓度褪黑素对宝岛蕉幼苗氯化钠胁迫的影响,使用不同浓度褪黑素处理宝岛蕉幼苗叶片,研究处理后宝岛蕉幼苗叶片和根系的可溶性糖、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量及叶质膜透性的变化。结果表明,褪黑素100μmol/L能够降低宝岛蕉幼苗叶质膜透性,提高叶片和根系可溶性糖含量,降低叶片和根系丙二醛含量,提高叶片和根系脯氨酸含量,提高幼苗耐盐性,以缓解氯化钠胁迫对宝岛蕉幼苗的伤害。     

Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.     

青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】对青海湖裸鲤TOB1和TOB2基因进行克隆及表达分析,为揭示其在青海湖裸鲤生长和生理过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR和RACE技术克隆青海湖裸鲤中TOB1和TOB2基因的cDNA全长序列,对其特性进行了生物信息学分析。以β-actin为内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)检测TOB1和TOB2基因在3龄成鱼肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织及发育12,72,120,168,216 h胚胎中的表达水平。【结果】青海湖裸鲤TOB1 cDNA全长为1 734 bp,5′非编码区为466 bp,3′非编码区为296 bp,开放阅读框长972 bp,编码323个氨基酸。TOB2 cDNA全长为2 785 bp,5′非编码区为51 bp,3′非编码区为1 582 bp,开放阅读框为1 152 bp,编码383个氨基酸。TOB1和TOB2在N端均具有明显的BTG家族结构域,且系统进化分析显示2个TOB蛋白与鲤科鱼类同源性较高,亲缘较近。qRT-PCR结果表明,TOB1和TOB2在3龄成鱼的肾脏、肠、鳃、脑、心脏、肌肉等组织中均有表达;TOB1在3龄成鱼的心脏组织中表达量最高,其次为脑和肌肉组织,在鳃组织中的表达量最低;TOB2在3龄成鱼的脑组织中表达量最高,其次为肌肉。TOB1及TOB2在不同发育时期胚胎中均有表达,且都在12 h胚胎中表达量最高。【结论】TOB1及TOB2在3龄成鱼各个组织及胚胎中均有表达,但表达量有较大差异,表明2个基因均具有时空表达特异性。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

紫薯淀粉对小麦淀粉凝胶特性的影响

以小麦淀粉和紫薯淀粉为材料，利用质构仪、核磁共振、动态流变仪和扫描电镜等分析了紫薯淀粉添加量（0～15%）对小麦淀粉凝胶特性的影响。结果表明：紫薯淀粉添加量在0～15%范围内，随着紫薯淀粉添加量的增加，小麦淀粉凝胶的弹性和内聚性显著增加(P < 0.05)，添加量为10%时，变化最明显。混合淀粉凝胶的弹性模量（G′）和粘性模量（G″）随着紫薯淀粉增加而增加，而损耗角正切值（tanδ）呈下降趋势且小于1，表明混合淀粉凝胶的固体性质增强。在冻融循环过程中，与纯小麦淀粉相比, 混合淀粉凝胶的脱水缩合率呈下降趋势，表明紫薯淀粉的添加使小麦淀粉凝胶强度增大，凝胶网络结构变致密，所以水分难以从淀粉凝胶网络结构中析出。低场核磁中的结果显示，紫薯淀粉的添加，使小麦淀粉凝胶中的一部分自由水转化为弱结合水，提高了混合凝胶的持水性；凝胶网络结构扫描结果显示，紫薯淀粉的添加使混合淀粉凝胶的孔洞分布均匀且孔洞变小。综合结果表明，紫薯淀粉可增强小麦淀粉凝胶的网络结构，改善小麦淀粉的凝胶特性。     

海水中规模化培养西藏拟溞的技术优化研究

为了给北方海水鱼虾蟹类育苗增添一种新的生物活饵料,利用循环水培养装置研究了西藏拟溞Daphniopsis tibetana Sars在稀释海水(盐度为18~20)中规模化培养的技术工艺参数,即起始放养密度、充纯氧和日采收率。结果表明:起始放养密度对西藏拟溞种群增长和日产量影响显著(P0.05),不同起始放养密度(200、550、900、1250 ind./L)培养试验中,放养密度为1250ind./L时,培养第33天时种群密度达最高,为(9500±550.73)ind./L,平均日产量为(125.00±8.35)g/(m3·d);充纯氧与充空气相比较,充纯氧能显著提高种群密度和日产量(P0.05),当放养密度为1250 ind./L、充纯氧时,西藏拟溞种群密度最高达(11 600±560.45)ind./L,平均日产量为(156.82±8.49)g/(m3·d);日采收率对西藏拟溞的种群增长和日产量也有显著影响(P0.05),日采收率为20%时最佳,放养密度为1250ind./L、日采收率为20%时,西藏拟溞种群密度最高为(12 900±995.04)ind./L,平均日产量为(176.52±15.08)g/(m3·d)。     

天水市区行道树结构特征分析

对天水市城区行道树资源、使用频度、综合指数进行了调查分析。结果表明,天水市区行道树共有30种,隶属19科24属。其中重要值较高的行道树有侧柏、国槐、栾树、女贞、悬铃木。天水市区行道树多样性指数与物种丰富度呈正相关,秦州区的多样性指数及物种丰富度均高于麦积区。